There are two types of high blood pressure- primary or "essential" hypertension and "secondary hypertension". Primary hypertension is where this is no identified cause- this applies to most people who develop high blood pressure. It tends to develop gradually over many years.

Secondary hypertension is caused by an underlying condition. It often tends to appear more suddenly, and often leads to higher blood pressure levels than primary hypertension. Some causes of "secondary hypertension" are"

• Kidney disease

• Obstructive sleep apnoea

• Tumours of the adrenal gland.

• Thyroid problems

• Certain congenital defects of the heart or blood vessels.

• Certain medications may increase blood pressure, such as birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants, painkillers and other prescription drugs

• Illicit drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines

When high blood pressure is first picked up on examination, particularly if it has developed suddenly in a younger person, a doctor may recommend a number of tests to rule out the possibility of underlying causes.

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